Chapter 2: Ethical and Social Issues in ICT

1. Fill in the blanks:

(a) ICT has shrunk the world into a global village.

(b) Cyber law refers to the law regarding the internet and cyberspace.

(c) Copyright is a legal way to protect a creator's work.

(d) Cyberbullying is a kind of harassment using electronic devices such as mobiles and computers.

(e) Electronic transaction is transfer of electronic data.

(f) Digital citizenship can be defined as the responsible behavior while using technology.

2. State whether the following statements are true or false:

(a) Society is dependent on ICT for almost every aspect of life. True

(b) Hackers are one of the dangerous challenges of the ICT security. True

(c) Virtual identity of internet user is not a problem in the ICT environment. False

(d) Digital divide is a challenge of ICT. True

(e) You should not use a computer ot steal information. True

(f) You should use a computer ot harm other people. False

(g) Digital footprint is a mark of data you create while using the internet. True

 

3. Write the full forms for the following:

(a) ICT = Information Communication Technology

(b) OCC= Office of Certificate Control

(c) EDI = Electronic Data Interchange

(d) ISTE=Internation Society for Technology in Education

(e) CA= Certificate Agencies

 

4. Write the technical terms for the following:

(a) Technology that converted world into global village ICT

(b) Law that controlls illegal activities in cyber space Cyber Law

(c) Transaction which is done by using ICT devices Electronic Transaction

(d) Reflection of individual behavior while using technology Digital Footprint

(e) False idenity used by criminals in cyber space Virtual Idenity

5. Write short notes on:

(a) Cyber Crimes and Cyber laws in Nepal

 Cyber crimes in Nepal involve illegal activities done using the internet, like hacking, identity theft, online fraud, and spreading harmful content. To protect people from these crimes, Nepal has cyber laws under the Electronic Transactions Act, 2063 (2008), which outline rules and penalties for online offenses. These laws help ensure that the internet is used safely and responsibly, holding those who misuse it accountable.

(b) Digital Citizenship

Digital citizenship refers to the responsible and ethical use of technology and the internet. It means understanding how to behave safely, respectfully, and responsibly online, protecting personal information, avoiding cyberbullying, and respecting others' privacy. Being a good digital citizen involves knowing the rights and responsibilities of using digital tools and ensuring that your online actions positively contribute to the digital community.

 6. Answer the following questions in short:

(a) What do you by virtual identity?

In online virtual communities, such as online chat rooms or in online games, a virtual identity is one created by the human user that acts as an interface between the physical person and virtual person other users see on their computer screen.

(b) What is Cyber bullying?

Cyber bullying is a kind of harassment using electronic devices such as mobile and computers

(c) What is digital law?

Digital law is the electronic responsibility for actions, deeds which is either ethical or unethical.

(d) Mention any one law includes in cyber law of Nepal.

Electronic and Digital Signature Law

(e) What is digital citizenship?

Digital citizenship can be defined as the norms or appropriate, responsible behaviour with regard to technology use.

7. Answer the following questions:

(a) List some benefits and challanges of ICT.

Benefits of ICT:

(1) Global village:

(2) Cost Effective

(3) Bridging the cultural gap

(4) Creation of new job

(5) Educational Opportunities

Challenges of ICT:

(1) Virtual Identity

(2) Security

(3) Privacy Issues

(4) Copyright

(5) Cyber Bullying

(6) Social Behaviour

(7) Digital Divide:

(b) What do you mean by copyright?

Copyright is a legal right, existing in many countries, that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights to determine whether, and under hat conditions, this original work may be used by others.

(c) What do you mean by digital divide?

Gap between rich and poor in terms of information technology is called digital divide.

(d) What do you mean by compute ethics?

computer ethic is defined as " to follow the rules and regulation of computer technology and not to harm other computer users knowingly or unknowingly."

(e) Write any five provisions of computer ethics.

Five provisions in computer ethics are: (i) You should not use a computer to harm other people. (ii) You should not search the file or record of other people. (iii) You should not destroy, steal and use the computer password of other people. (iv) You should not steal, destroy and use digital signatures. (v) You should not destroy, erase or edit personal or group records

(f) What do you mean by cyber law?

Cyber law refers to the laws regarding the Internet and cyberspace. Cyber law includes a wide variety of legal issues related to the use of communications technology. It includes the use of Internet as well as any other form of computer or Digital Processing Devices.

(g) What are the major components of cyber law?

The major components included in the cyber law are: (i) Electronic and Digital Signature Law (ii) Computer Crime/Cyber Crime Law (iii)Intellectual Property laws (iv) Data Protection and Privacy Laws (v) Telecommunication Laws

(h) Write the major five goals of IT policy 2072 of Nepal.

Five goals of IT policy 2072 of Nepal are: (i) By 2020, entire population of Nepal would have access to the Internet. (ii) 80% of all citizens facing government services would be offered online by 2020. (iii) Special funding arrangements will be developed and implemented within 2018 to support innovation and incubation of on-line businesses and start-ups. (iv) At least 75 percent of the population will have digital literacy skills by the end of 2020. (v) A universal broadband access to all people on an equitable basis will be in place. By 2020, 90 percent of the population will be able to access the broadband services.

(i) Write the vision and mission of IT policy of Nepal of 2072.

Vision : Transform Nepal into an information and Knowledge based society and economy. Mission : To create conditions for the intensified development and growth of ICT sector as a key driver for Nepal’s sustainable development and poverty reduction strategies.

(j) Wrte the objectives of electronic transaction act of 2063.

Objectives of the electronic transaction act 2063 (a) To make legal provision for authentication and regulation of electronic data. (b) To make a reliable data generation, communication, and transaction (c) To make a secured and authentic means of electronic communication (d) To regulate all the relating matters of electronic transactions