Chapter 1: Networking and Telecommunication
Exercise
1. Write the full forms of:
i. ARPANET – Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
ii. STP – Shielded Twisted Pair
iii. UTP – Unshielded Twisted Pair
iv. SMA – SubMiniature version A (connector)
v. SC – Subscriber Connector or Standard Connector
vi. NIC – Network Interface Card
vii. MODEM – Modulator Demodulator
viii. LAN – Local Area Network
ix. MAN – Metropolitan Area Network
x. WAN – Wide Area Network
xi. TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
xii. HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol
xiii. SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
xiv. WWW – World Wide Web
xv. POP – Post Office Protocol
xvi. FTP – File Transfer Protocol
xvii. URL – Uniform Resource Locator
xviii. ISP – Internet Service Provider
xix. ATM – Asynchronous Transfer Mode (or Automated Teller Machine, depending on context)
xx. E-mail – Electronic Mail
xxi. E-fax – Electronic Fax
xxii. E-commerce – Electronic Commerce
2. Give appropriate technical terms of the followings:
a. The system of transmission of sounds, images, texts or data in the form of electronic signals.
Telecommunication
b. The interconnection of computers with or without wires to share information.
Computer Network
c. The computer is used to serve data and information.
Server
d. A self-sufficient computer that acts both as a server and a client to other similar computers on the network.
Peer-to-Peer Computer
e. A computer on a network that uses resources of the network.
Client
f. A group of computers that function both as client and server.
Peer-to-Peer Network
g. A network in which a central host computer performs data processing and storage on behalf of clients.
Client-Server Network
h. The wireless technology is used for long distances.
WiMAX or Satellite Communication
i. A set of rules is used to define communication.
Protocol
j. The smallest area is covered by the network.
LAN/Personal Area Network (PAN)
k. The network of computers within the room, or building.
Local Area Network (LAN)
l. A network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a LAN but smaller than the area covered by a WAN.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
m. The computer network of any two countries.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
n. A hardware device is used to connect several computers.
Hub
o. A device connecting two or more networks that facilitates the transfer of dat in the form of packets.
Router
p. A device software or a system that converts data between dissimilar network with different protocols.
Gateway
q. The mode of transmission in which data flows in one direction only.
Simplex Transmission
г. The two-way communication system.
Duplex Transmission
s. The shape of the network in which all the computers are connected.
Topologyt. A network topology in which network nodes are connected in a continuous circle.
Ring Topology
3. Very Short Answer Question:
a. Name any one application of a computer network.
One application of a computer network is Email (or Internet browsing, file sharing, etc.)
b. Does the computer network share software only?
No, it shares both hardware and software
c. Name the largest computer network.
Internet is the largest computer network.
d. Which computer network is limited within the room?
LAN is a computer network is limited within the room
e . Name the topology where the hub or switch is used.
. Star Topology uses hub or switch
f. What is the name of the backbone in bus topology?
Bus (or Backbone Cable) is the name of the backbone in bus topology
g. In which topology does a node have two adjacent nodes?
In Ring Topology a node have two adjacent nodes
h. List the types of network architecture.
The types of network architecture.Client-Server and Peer-to-Peer
i. Name the networking device used to connect networks having d architectures and environments.
The networking device used to connect networks having d architectures and environments is Gateway.
4. Short Answer aquestion
a. What is a computer network? How is it useful?
A computer network is a group of interconnected computers that share data and resources.
Usefulness:
It allows file sharing, resource sharing (like printers)
It allows internet access, and communication between users.
b. Mention differences between client/server architecture and peer-to-peer architecture of the network.
Client/Server Architecture | Peer-to-Peer Architecture |
Central server provides resources | All computers share resources equally |
More secure and centralized | Less secure and decentralized |
Suitable for large networks | Suitable for small networks |
c. Define bandwidth. How is it measured?
Bandwidth is the amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given time.
It is measured in bits per second (bps) like Kbps, Mbps, or Gbps.
d. Differentiate between LAN and WAN.
LAN | WAN |
Covers small area (room/building) | Covers large area (country/world) |
High speed and low cost | Lower speed and higher cost |
e. Justify "Internet is called a network of networks" in your language.
Internet is called a 'network of networks' because it is formed by connecting many small and large networks around the world together.
f. What is communication media? Differentiate between bounded and unbounded media.
Communication media is the path through which data travels in a network.
Bounded Media | Unbounded Media |
Uses physical cables | Uses wireless transmission |
Examples: Twisted pair, fiber | Examples: Radio waves, microwaves |
g. Give reasons that "Computer networks reduce the cost of operation."
· Shared hardware (e.g., printers) reduces cost.
· Centralized data saves storage.Chapter 1: Networking and Telecommunication.
· Remote work and communication save travel costs.
h. Define LAN with its characteristics.
LAN (Local Area Network) connects computers in a small area like a room or building.
Characteristics:
· High speed
· Low cost
· Easy to set up and maintain
i. What is MAN? Mention any three characteristics.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) connects computers in a city or town.
Characteristics:
· Covers larger area than LAN
· Higher speed than WAN
· Used by colleges, offices, or city-wide ISPs
j. What is network topology? List its types.
Network topology is the physical or logical layout of a network.
Types: Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh, Tree, Hybrid topology
k. Sketch the figure of star topology. Write the advantages and disadvantages of star topology.
Advantages:
· Easy to add/remove devices
· Fault in one device doesn't affect others
· Disadvantages:
· Hub failure stops the whole network
· Uses more cables
l. Define ring topology. Write the advantages and disadvantages of token ring topology.
Ring topology connects each computer to two others, forming a circular network.
Advantages:
· Equal access to network
· Simple data flow
· Disadvantages:
· One failure affects the whole network
· Difficult to troubleshoot
m. Define network architecture. Sketch and describe the peer-to-peer network architecture.
Network architecture is the design of a computer network, including hardware, software, and protocols.
Description:
In a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network, each computer (peer) acts as both a client and a server, sharing resources directly without a central server. It is suitable for small, less complex networks.